- N. K. Chrungoo
- S. P. Balasubramani
- P. E. Rajasekharan
- K. Haridasan
- B. R. P. Rao
- R. Manjunath
- G. Nagduwar
- P. Venkatasubramanian
- A. Nongbet
- M. Hynniewta
- D. Swain
- S. Salamma
- K. Souravi
- S. N. Jena
- S. K. Barik
- C. R. Deb
- A. A. Mao
- S. K. Nandi
- R. K. Nilasana Singha
- D. Vijayan
- T. Langhu
- Z. P. Kikon
- S. Pradhan
- Mohd Tariq
- K. R. Jadhao
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Rout, G. R.
- Establishing Taxonomic Identity and Selecting Genetically Diverse Populations for Conservation of Threatened Plants Using Molecular Markers
Authors
1 Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 003, IN
3 Trans-Disciplinary University, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, 74/2, Jarakabanade Kaval, Attur PO, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 106, IN
4 Division of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
5 Department of Botany, Biodiversity Conservation Division, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 003, IN
6 CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 03 (2018), Pagination: 539-553Abstract
The extent of genetic diversity within a species is an important determinant of successful adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Assessment of extent of genetic diversity/variability is also important to monitor genetic erosion within a species. In threatened plant species, genetic diversity assessment helps in selection of genetically diverse populations to enrich the genetically impoverished populations, thus minimizing the probability of genetic drift. Confirming taxonomic identity of threatened species, particularly those belonging to species complexes with dispute identity, is another essential task in the conservation of threatened species, which is best resolved through molecular approaches. The present study estimated the genetic variability within and among the populations of four threatened species, viz. Justicia beddomei (C.B. Clarke) Bennet (Acanthaceae), Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Myrsinaceae), Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J. Lam (Sapotaceae) and Cycas beddomei Dyer (Cycadaceae) using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers for selecting the genetically diverse populations. The phylogeny was analysed through ITS (nrDNA) and matK (cpDNA) sequences to confirm the species identity.
The phylogenetic analyses confirmed four distinct species of Justicia, which also revealed that J. beddomei and J. adhatoda were sister groups with a common ancestor showing rapid parallel speciation with J. gendarussa in one clade and J. betonica in another. Madhuca insignis with extremely small population in the Western Ghats (Karnataka to Kerala) might have undergone either extensive hybridization or incipient speciation. In case of Embelia species, a greater evolutionary closeness between E. subcoraceae and E. floribunda was revealed, while E. ribes had a distinct clad. Both ISSR and SSR markers distinguished various genotypes of Cycas beddomei.
Keywords
Conservation, Genetic Variability, Molecular Markers, Phylogeny, Threatened Plants.References
- Li, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Z. and Li, X., Influences of environmental factors on leaf morphology of Chinese Jujubes. PLOS ONE, 2015, 10(5), e0127825; http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127825
- Doyle, J. A. and Endress, P. K., Morphological phylogenetic analysis of basal angiosperms: comparison and combination with molecular data. Int. J. Plant Sci., 2000, 161(S6), S121–S153.
- Schluter, D., Ecology and the origin of species. Trends Ecol. Evol., 2002, 16(7), 372–380.
- Neel, M. C. and Ellstrand, N. C., Conservation of genetic diversity in the endangered plant Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum (Polygonaceae). Conserv. Genet., 2003, 4(3), 337–352.
- Pauls, S. U., Nowak, C., Bálint, M. and Pfenninger, M., The impact of global climate change on genetic diversity within populations and species. Mol. Ecol., 2013, 22(4), 925–946.
- Dhankhar, S., Kaur, R., Ruhil, S., Balhara, M., Dhankhar, S. and Chhillar, A. K., A review on Justicia adhatoda: a potential source of natural medicine. Afr. J. Plant Sci., 2011, 5(11), 620–627.
- Bhat, K. G., Flora of Udupi, Indian Naturalist (R), Udupi, 2003, p. 339.
- Udayan, P. S., A new location for Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J. Lam. – a rare, endemic and red listed plant near Venur of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. Sliva’s Newsl., 2004, p. 295.
- Ravikumar, K., Sankar, R. V., Ved, D. K. and Bhat, K. G., Is Madhuca insignis (Radlk) H.J. Lam (Sapotaceae) really extinct? Phytotaxonomy, 2004, 4, 119–123.
- Raveendran, K., Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J. Lam. (Sapotaceae) – new addition to the flora of Kerala. Zoo’s PRINT, 2013, 28(4), 25–26.
- Kumar, G. K., Shenoy, H. S. and Kaveriappa, K. M., Rediscovery of Madhuca insignis (Radlkofer) H.J. Lam (Sapotaceae) – a critically endangered species of the Western Ghats, India. Phytomorphology, 2004, 54(3&4), 209–213.
- Shenoy, H. S., Rajasekharan, P. E., Souravi, K. and Anand, M., Extended distribution of Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J. Lam. (Sapotaceae) – a critically endangered species in Shimoga district of Karnataka. Zoo’s PRINT, 2014, XXIX(6), 21–23.
- Dubearnes, A., Julius, A. and Utteridge, T. M., A synopsis of the genus Embelia in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Studies in Malaysian Myrsinaceae III. Kew Bull., 2015, 70(2), 1–33.
- Asadulla, S. and Ramandang, R., Pharmacognosy of Embelia ribes Burm f. Int J. Res. Pharm. Chem., 2011, 1(4), 1236–1251.
- Shankar, R., Lavekar, G. S., Deb, S., Sharma, B. K. and Rawat, M. S., Distribution, conservation and folk uses of Vaibidang (Embelia ribes Burm. f.). Int. J. Biodiv. Conserv., 2012, 4(13), 525–529.
- Arora, R. B., Ghatak, N. and Gupta, P. S., Anti-fertility activity of Embelia ribes. J. Res. Indian Med., 1971, 6(2), 107–110.
- Chitra, M., Devi, C. S. and Sukumar, E., Antibacterial activity of embelin. Fitoterapia, 2003, 74(4), 401–403.
- Chitra, M. S., Sukumar, E., Suja, V. and Devi, C. S. S., Antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic property of embelin, a plant product. Chemotherapy, 1994, 40, 109–113.
- Chitra, M., Devi, C. S. and Sukumar, E., Effect of embelin on carbohydrate moieties of glycoprotein in tumour-bearing rats. J. Nat. Remedies, 2004, 4(1), 77–80.
- Seth, S. D., Nera, J. and Sundran, K. R., Antispermatogenic effect of embelin from Embelia ribes. Indian J. Pharmacol., 1982, 14(2), 207.
- Sreepriya, M. and Bali, G., Chemopreventive effects of embelin and curcumin against N-nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Fitoterapia, 2005, 76(6), 549–555.
- Doyle, J. J. and Doyle, J. L., Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus, 1990, 12, 13–15.
- Baldwin, B. G., Phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA in plants: an example from the Compositae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 1992, 1, 3–16.
- White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. J. W. T. and Taylor, J. W., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols: a Guide Meth. Appl., 1990, 18(1), 315–322.
- Ooi, K., Endo, Y., Yokoyamea, J. and Murakami, N., Useful primer designs to amplify DNA fragments of the plastid gene matK from angiosperm plants. J. Jpn. Bot., 1995, 70(6), 328–331.
- Cibrian-Jaramillo, A., Daly, A. C., Brenner, E., Desalle, R. and Marler, T. E., When North and South do not mix: genetic connectivity of a recently endangered oceanic cycad, Cycas micronesica, in Guam using EST‐microsatellites. Mol. Ecol., 2010, 19(12), 2364–2379.
- Zhang, F., Su, T., Yang, Y., Zhai, Y., Ji, Y. and Chen, S., Development of seven novel EST-SSR markers from Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae). Am. J. Botany, 2010, 97(12), e159–e161.
- Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. and Kumar, S., MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2011, 28(10), 2731–2739.
- Ronquist, F. and Huelsenbeck, J. P., MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 2003, 19(12), 1572–1574.
- Kimura, M., A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol., 1980, 16(2), 111–120.
- Nei, M., Genetic distance between populations. Am. Nat., 1972, 106(949), 283–292.
- Rohlf, F. J., NTSYS pc numerical taxonomy and multivariate system Ver. 2.1. Exeter Pub Ltd, Setauket, New York, USA, 2002.
- Mantel, N., The detection of tissue clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res., 1967, 27, 209–220.
- Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. and Ryan, P. D., PAST-palaeontological statistics, ver. 1.89. Paleontological Museum, University of Oslo, Noruega, 2008 (También disponible en línea: http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past/index.html).
- Kumar, A., Mishra, P., Singh, S. C. and Sundaresan, V., Efficiency of ISSR and RAPD markers in genetic divergence analysis and conservation management of Justicia adhatoda L., a medicinal plant. Syst. Evol., 2014, 300, 1409–1420.
- Garg, M., Tamboli, E. T., Singh, M., Chester, K., Abdin, M. Z., Chandna, R. and Ahmad, S., RAPD based assessment of genetic diversity of Adhatoda vasica leaves from different sub-continents of India. Indian J. Pharmaceut. Edu. Res., 2015, 49(3), 268–276.
- Pal, M. D. and Raychaudhuri, S. S., Estimation of genetic variability in Plantago ovata cultivars. Biol. Plant., 2003, 47, 459–462.
- Segarra-Moragues, J. G., Palop-Esteban, M., González-Candelas, F. and Catalan, P., On the verge of extinction: genetics of the critically endangered Iberian plant species, Borderea chouardii (Dioscoreaceae) and implications for conservation management. Mol. Ecol., 2005, 14, 969–982.
- Senapati, S. K., Das, G. K., Aparajita, S. and Rout, G. R., Assessment of genetic variability in the Asoka tree of India. Biodiversity, 2012, 13, 16–23.
- Rajaseger, G., Tan, H. T. W., Turner, I. M. and Kumar, P. P., Analysis of genetic diversity among Ixora cultivars (Rubiaceae) using random amplified polymorphic DNA. Ann. Bot., 1997, 80(3), 355–361.
- Bank, H., Wink, M., Vorster, P., Treutlein, J., Brand, L., Bank, M. and Hurter, J., Allozyme and DNA sequence comparisons of nine species of Encephalartos (Zamiaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2001, 29, 241–266.
- Xiao, L. Q., Ge, X. J., Gong, X., Hao, G. and Zheng, S. X., ISSR variation in the endemic and endangered plant Cycas guizhouensis (Cycadaceae). Ann. Bot., 2004, 94, 133–138.
- Duminil, J., Fineschi, S., Arndt, H., Pedro, J., Salvini, D., Vendramin, G. G. and Petit, R. J., Can population genetic structure be predicted from life history traits? Am. Nat., 2007, 169(5), 662–672.
- Kaushik, N., Kumar, S., Kumar, K., Beniwal, R. S., Kaushik, N. and Roy, S., Genetic variability and association studies in pod and seed traits of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre in Haryana, India. Genet. Res. Crop. Evol., 2007, 54, 1827–1832.
- Maguire, T. L. and Sedgley, M., Genetic diversity in Banksia and Dryandra (Proteaceae) with emphasis on Banksia cuneata, a rare and endangered species. Heredity, 1997, 79, 394–401.
- In vitro Propagation of Some Threatened Plant Species of India
Authors
1 Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami 798 627, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 003, IN
3 Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong 793 003, IN
4 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 03 (2018), Pagination: 567-575Abstract
To prevent extinction of threatened species, in vitro regeneration protocols for the propagation of six threatened species were standardized. The regenerated micro-shoots were ischolar_mained in nutrient medium supplemented with low concentrations of auxin. The well-developed plantlets were successfully established in field conditions, thus improving the probability of self-sustenance of the introduced populations. The success story of these six threatened species reaffirms the role of in vitro propagation in conserving plants facing the threat of extinction.Keywords
Conservation, In vitro Regeneration, Microshoots, Threatened Species.References
- MoEF, India’s 5th National report to the conservation on biological diversity. Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, 2015, p. 142.
- Cruz-Cruz, C. A., Gonzalez-Arnao, M. A. and Engelmann, F., Biotechnology and conservation of plant biodiversity. Resources, 2013, 2, 73–95.
- Langhu, T. and Deb. C. R., Studies on the reproductive biology and seed biology of Aconitum nagarum Stapf: a threatened medicinal plant of North East India. J. Res. Biol., 2014, 4(7), 1465–1474.
- Engelmann, F., Germplasm collection, storage and conservation. In Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture (eds Altman, A. and Hasegawa, P. M.), Academic Press, Oxford, UK, 2012, pp. 255–268.
- Withers, L. A., Collecting in vitro for genetic resources conservation. In Collecting Plant Genetic Diversity (eds. Guarino, L., Rao, R. and Reid, R.), Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International, Wallingford, UK, 1995, pp. 511–515.
- Engelmann, F., Use of biotechnologies for the conservation of plant biodiversity. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.–Plant, 2011, 47, 5–16.
- Arenmongla, T. and Deb, C. R., Studies on in vitro morphogenetic potential of nodal segments of Malaxis acuminate D. Don. Appl. Biol. Res., 2012, 14(2), 156–163.
- Deb, C. R. and Arenmongla, T., An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for a natural dye yielding plant, Strobilanthes flaccidifolious Nees. from nodal explants. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2012, 50, 810–816.
- Deb, M. S., Jamir, N. S. and Deb, C. R., In vitro culture of immature embryos of Cinnamomum tamala Nees. – the role of different factors. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2014, 52, 1003–2010.
- Tandon, P. and Kumaria, S., Prospects of plant conservation biotechnology in India with special reference to north-eastern region. In Biodiversity: Status and Prospects (eds Tandon, P. and Kumaria, S.), Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2005, pp. 79–91.
- Sharma, B. D. and Sanjappa, M., Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, India, 1993, vol. 3, pp. 142–145.
- Samant, S. S., Diversity, nativity and endemism of vascular plants in a part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in West Himalaya I. Himalaya Biosphere Reserve (Biannual Bull.), 1999, 1(1–2), 1–28.
- Ernst, E., St John’s wort, an anti-depressant? a systematic, criteriabased review. Phytomedicine, 1995, 2, 67–71.
- Swain, D., Lenka, S., Hota, T. and Rout, G. R., Micro-propagation of Hypericum gaitii Haines, an endangered medicinal plants: assessment of genetic fidelity. Nucleus, 2016, 59(1), 7–13.
- Ved, D. K., Kinhal, G. A., Ravikumar, K., Prabhakaran, V., Ghate, U., Vijaya Sankar, R. and Indresha, J. H., Conservation assessment and management prioritization for the medicinal plants of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttaranchal. Foundation of Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, 2003, pp. 1–24.
- Van Uden, W., Pras, N., Visser, J. F. and Malingre, T. M., Detection and identification of podophyllotoxin produced by cell cultures derived from Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Plant Cell Rep., 1989, 8, 165–168.
- Canel, C., Moraes, R. M., Dyan, F. E. and Ferreira, D., Molecules of interest: podophyllotoxin. Photochemistry, 2000, 54, 115–120.
- Nadeem, M., Palni, L. M. S., Purohit, A. N., Pandey, H. and Nandi, S. K., Propagation and conservation of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle: an important medicinal herb. Biol. Conserv., 2000, 92, 121–129.
- Deb, C. R. and Imchen, T., An efficient in vitro hardening technique of tissue culture raised plants. Biotechnology, 2010, 9(1), 79–83.
- Mao, A. A. and Gogoi, R., Rhododendrons of Manipur and Nagaland, India. NeBIO, 2012, 3(1), 1–10.
- Wu, F. Q., Shen, S. K., Zhang, X. J., Wang, Y. H. and Sun, W. B., Genetic diversity and population structure of an extremely endangered species: the world’s largest Rhododendron. AoB PLANTS, 2015, 7, plu082; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu082.
- Santos, A., Fidalgo, F., Santos, I. and Salema, R., In vitro bulb formation of Narcissus asturiensis, a threatened species of the Amaryllidaceae. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 2002, 77, 149–152.
- Kyte, L. and Briggs, B., A simplified entry into tissue culture production of rhododendrons. Proc. Int. Plant Propaga. Soc., 1979, 29, 90–95.
- McCown, B. H. and Lloyd, C. B., A survey of the response of Rhododendron to in vitro culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 1982, 2, 77–85.
- De, A. and Hajra, P. K., Vanda in India. J. Orchid Soc. India, 2004, 18, 28–29.
- Karuppusamy, S., Aruna, V., Kiranmai, C. and Pullaiah, T., In vitro propagation of an endemic umbellifer, Hydrocotyle conferta. Indian J. Biotechnol., 2007, 6, 541–544.
- Dhavala, A. and Rathore, T. S., Micropropagation of Embelia ribes Burm f. through proliferation of adult axillary shoots. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.–Plant., 2010, 46, 180–191.
- Mangal, M., Sharma, D., Sharma, M., Kher, R. and Singh, A. K., In vitro plantlet regeneration in Guava from nodal segments. Phytomorphology, 2008, 58, 103–108.
- Abhyankar, G. and Reddy, V. D., Rapid micropropagation via axillary bud proliferation of Adhatoda vasica Nees from nodal segments. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2007, 45, 268–271.
- Liu, Z. R. and Sandford, J. C., Plant regeneration by organogenesis from strawberry leaf and runner tissue. Hortic. Sci., 1988, 23, 1057–1059.
- Rout, G. R., Mahato, A. and Senapati, S. K., In vitro clonal propagation of Nyctanthes arbortristis. Biol. Plant., 2008, 52, 521–524.
- Rout, G. R., Direct plant regeneration from leaf explants of Plumbago species and its genetic fidelity through RAPD markers. Ann. Appl. Biol., 2003, 140, 305–313.
- Calvo, M. C. and Segura, J., Plant regulation from cultured leaves of Lavandula latifolia Medicus: Influences of growth regulators and illumination condition. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 1989, 19, 33–42.
- Baraldi, R., Rossi, F. and Lercari, B., In vitro shoot development of Prunus GF 6652: interaction between light and benzyladenine. Plant Physiol., 1988, 74, 440–443.
- Cantos, M., Linan, J., Garcia, J. L., Linan, M. G., Dominguez, M. A. and Troncoso, A., The use of in vitro culture to improve the propagation of Rhododendron ponticum sub sp. baeticum (Boiss. & Reuter). Cent. Eur. J. Biol., 2007, 2, 297–306.
- Selvaraj, N., Vasudevan, A., Manickavasagam, M. and Ganapathi, A., In vitro organogenesis and plant formation in cucumber. Biol. Plant., 2006, 50, 123–126.
- Baskaran, P., Velayutham, P. and Jayabalan, N., In vitro regeneration of Melothriamadera spatana via indirect organogenesis. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.–Plant., 2009, 45, 407–413.
- Manzanera, J. A. and Pardos, J. A., Micropropagation of juvenile and adult Quercus suber L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 1990, 21, 1–8.
- A New Growth Medium for Identification and Isolation of Pyricularia grisea From Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.)
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 1955-1957Abstract
No Abstract.Keywords
No Keywords.References
- Vietmeyer, N. D. (ed.), Lost Crops of Africa, Grains, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996, vol. 1.
- Goron, T. L. and Raizada, M. M., Front. Plant Sci., 2015, 6, 157.
- Pandey, P. K. and Kumar, G. S., Indian Farmers Digest, 2005, 38, 28-30.
- Ignacimuthu, S. and Ceasar, S., J. Biosci., 2012, 37, 135-147.
- Nagaraja, A., Kumar, J., Jain, A. K., Narasimhudu, Y., Raghuchander, T. and Kumar, B., Compendium of small millets diseases, AICSMIP, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, 2007, pp. 1-80.
- Nagaraja, A., Jagadish, P. S., Ashok, E. G. and Gowda, K. T. K., J. Mycopath. Res., 2007, 45, 237-240.
- Pall, B. S., Food Farming Agric., 1977, 9, 55.
- Sreenivasa Prasad, S., Finger millet blast in East Africa: Pathogen diversity and disease management strategies. DFID Crop Protection Programme, Final Technical Report, Horticultural Resources International, UK, 2004, p. 86.
- Rao, A. N. S., J. Agric. Sci., 1990, 24, 57-60.
- Tuite, J., Plant Pathological Methods, Fungi and Bacteria, Burges Publishing Company, New York, 1969, p. 239.
- Thomas, P. A., Kuriakose, T., Kirupashanker, M. P. and Maharajan, V. S., Diagnotic Microbiol., 1991, 14, 219- 224.
- Barnett, H. L. and Hunter, B. B., Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, Burges Publications Company, UK, 1998, 4th edn.
- Meena, B. S., Morphological and molecular variability of rice blast pathogen Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. M Sc thesis, Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2005.
- Susan Partridge-Metz and Ambika, C., Cell Plant Sci., 2011, 2, 9-11.
- Barnett, H. L. and Hunter, B. B., Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, Burgess Publishing Company, Morgantown, West Virginia, 1960, 2nd edn, p. 71.
- Getachew, G., Tesfaye, A. and Kassahun, T., J. Appl. Biosci., 2013, 73, 5883- 5901.
- Hossain, M. M., Srikant, K. and Hegde, Y. R., Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 2004, 17, 851-853.
- Netam, R. S., Bahadur, A. N., Tiwari, R. K. S. and Tiwari, U., Res. J. Agric. Sci., 2013, 4, 83-86.
- Techniques in Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology: A Compendium on Laboratory Experiments in Molecular Biology, Immuno-Diagnostics, Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering in Plants. M. R. Shylaja, Deepu Mathew and K. V. Peter (eds)
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 003, India, IN